[responding to Ranjith before I saw Matthew's response, which is basically the same thing]
JLS 4.2.3 is
all about these four value sets. It's all part of the definition. I suppose if I had to pick out one part that is most critical, it's this:
The finite nonzero values of any floating-point value set can all be expressed in the form s · m · 2^(e - N + 1)[...]
combined with table 4.1, which tells you what the values are for N, K, Emax, and Emin, for each of the four value sets being defined. They're defining all four value sets simultaneously.