Yes you can. If you use the Canvas class and create your own class that extends Canvas, you can use the Graphics object in the paint method and change colors.
In this code I fill the background with a color. I don't remember which color this is, but you can use the setColor() method of the Graphics object and change the color. But remember to change it back or you might find your text invisible because it has the same color as the background.
I did this that is how I know.
Mark