To answer format questions first
you should know the following.........
b boolean
n c char
n d integer
n f floating point
n s
string
"-" Left justify this argument
n "+" Include a sign (+ or -) with this argument
n "0" Pad this argument with zeroes
n "," Use locale-specific grouping separators (i.e., the comma in 123,456)
n "(" Enclose negative numbers in parentheses