I'm still not sure what a bytefield is.
Do you mean bit-field?
Here's a nice Rails-DB mapping cheatsheet. However, I don't see bit-field on the list... or bytefield for that matter.
Going off the path of normal mapping types isn't recommended because you'll be locking into a particular DB vendor.
This other cheatsheet shows that you can put SQL directly in migration files (see the "Executing SQL directly" section), so it appears that what you're looking to accomplish can be done. Good luck!
FYI to others: the term "migration" in Rails has a different meaning than what most of us expect. To most of us, a migration is a port over of data from one DB to another (or between tables in the same DB). In Rails, "migration" is a way to use Ruby to update schemas when requirements change, a new version of the app creates additions, or there is some other need for altering the DB.
Here is a nice little description how it works.