thanks! if i use english in my case, all is ok. so my configuration and ApplicationResource.properties files are all ok. the only question left is how to deal with chinese. i saw a example shipped with
struts 1.1 b2. it contains a ApplicationResource_jp.properties. and i looked into it. I saw no japanese code but all unicodes. i think that must be very boring to transfer japanese to unicode one by one. is there any tools?