Even the bare-bones com/sun/image/codec/jpeg/JPEGCodec class in the JRE uses AWT classes to create JPEGs internally, so you'll probably be hard-pressed to do this on Android with existing APIs.
But POI can extract image data from PPTs (as shown in
http://faq.javaranch.com/java/ReadPowerPoint), and if reading PPT files is all you need to do, you may be able to remove all other functionality (that uses AWT) from the POI library, and use it that way. I'm not familiar enough with POI to say for sure whether this would work, though.
