The key is that class variables are to be used as attributes for a class. If there is no intention to instantiate the class, there is no need for attributes.
Here is a discussion of the same issue. Although the student was on a different assignment at the time, the concepts are the same.
A local (method) variable persists until the method is exited. A class (static) variable persists until the JVM unloads the class (usually when the JVM is shut down). An object member variable persists until it is garbage collected.
[ July 19, 2004: Message edited by: Marilyn de Queiroz ]