Reference variables are checked at compile time hence the overloaded method invocations are checked at compile time
and remember that objects those are created using "new" keyword are created at run time hence the methods to be called on those objects are called at run time
SCJP 6 [86%], OCPWCD [84%], OCEJPAD [83%]
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It would be good to study polymorphism to find answers to your
questions. Polymorphism is central to the power of Java so it is
very important to understand it thoroughly.