In order for the validation framework to validate your date, it must know what format you expect the date to be in. Internally, it uses java.text.SimpleDateFormat to do this. If you look up this class in the
Java API, you will find that one of it's constructors requires a format
string such as the one given in the <var-value>tag of the example I gave you. The API docs will also show you the list of valid characters in this string. The <var-name> and <var-value> in the validation.xml example simply pass a parameter into the validator.
One other thing: make sure that your struts-config.xml has the following entry:
Otherwise, the validator isn't even turned on.
I'd advise you to open up the struts-examples.war that came with the download and study the example of validation that is there. One example includes a data validation. That should help you to understand how all the pieces fit together.