Java EE design patterns are divided into the following based on the layer.
Presentation Layer:
-Front Controller Design Pattern
-Composite View Design Pattern
-View Helper Design Pattern
-Dispatcher View Design Pattern
-Service To Worker Design Pattern
-Intercepting Filter Design Pattern
-Context Object Design Pattern
-Application Controller Design Pattern
-Fast Lane Reader
Business Layer:
-Business Delegate Design Pattern
-Service Locator Design Pattern
-Session Façade Design Pattern
-T O Assembler Design Pattern
-Transfer Object Design Pattern
-Value List Handler Design Pattern
-Application Service Design Pattern
-Business Object Design Pattern
-Composite Entity Design Pattern
Integration Layer:
-Data Access Object Design Pattern
-Service Activator Design Pattern
-Domain Store Design Pattern
-Web Service Broker Design Pattern
Since you are interested in design patterns related to EJB 3.0,
you should focus on Business and Integration Layer.
MVC is an architectural design pattern which involves the whole architecture.
Hope this helps,
Manuel