Absolutely!
SpringSource highly encourages open source community contributions in all of its projects. We have two giant major code repositories that are Git-based, besides the repository for core Spring, which is Subversion. You can find all the Git code on github.com/SpringSource and git.SpringSource.com.
First, learn about the social community contribution workflow that we like at SpringSource; read this blog:
http://blog.springsource.com/2010/12/21/social-coding-in-spring-projects/
That blog posts explains the development model, and how to fork projects - how to work on it locally and how to - if you've found something worth committing - send your contribution back.
You might "start" your efforts several ways. First, the JIRA (jira.springsource.org) is a great way to see the tasks that are coming (this is also a great way to learn what's coming in the frameworks! ;-)). If you think you can contribute to one of the JIRAs there, or that you know how to fix it, and it's small enough, then write up a suggested patch and send a pull request for the corresponding project on github or on git.springsource.org. If it's a bigger contribution, and you're unsure and want a little more guidance after you've tried your best to understand, you might post on the forums or on the JIRA itself, first proposing an idea, and explaining that you feel like you could help, but asking for some guidance.
BTW, this approach is also similar to the one followed by github.com/VMware and github.com/CloudFoundry (the new VMware/SpringSource open-source cloud platform).