The
word cache is a common term that can mean many different things in different contexts. The general idea is that it's a small but quickly accessible place where data can be stored, so that data that is retrieved frequently can be accessed quickly.
For example, a database uses some of the RAM of a computer to cache part of the content of the database. The data in the cache can be accessed much more quickly than the data that's on disk.
Webservers store pages that are accessed often in a cache in RAM so that those pages don't have to be loaded from disk each time they are accessed.
A CPU has a small amount of very fast memory on the CPU itself, in which it caches data that is frequently used by the running application.
There is no common thing called "java caching". Ofcourse you can implement caches in Java, but how you would do that depends on what exactly you want to cache and for what purpose.