getResultList() returns a List of results, for a native query this will most likely be an List of Object[], where the Object[] contains each piece of data you selected.
If you native query used a resultClass, then it can return a object.
You cannot get a
JDBC ResultSet using JPA, if you want a JDBC ResultSet, then just use JDBC.
There is no way to get the column names, only the data is returned, you are assumed to know what you selected.
If you are using EclipseLink you can set a hint of the native query to return a List of Map instead of List of Object[] so you get the column names.
"eclipselink.result-type"="Map"