"No JTA UserTransaction available" errmsg thrown by Atomikos/JTA standalone app

[Stuart Rogers]

I did succeed in upgrading a functioning standalone desktop Java/Spring3x/Hibernate3x/Maven/MySQL5x/Eclipse app
from using Hibernate for my ORM to JPA2.

Now I'd like to upgrade it further from using JPA2 to JTA. I chose Atomikos
for my external transaction manager as JOTM is no longer supported in Spring 3.x .

Here's what I have so far:

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
                             http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>trial_B_spring</groupId>
  <artifactId>trial_B_spring</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  
  <name>trial_B_spring Model Objects</name>
  <description>maybe this will work</description>

  <properties>
    <springVersion>3.1.1.RELEASE</springVersion>
    <slf4jVersion>1.6.1</slf4jVersion>
    <powermockVersion>1.4.8</powermockVersion>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
       <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
       <version>2.5</version>
     </dependency>

     <!-- Spring -->
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
       <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
       <version>${springVersion}</version>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
       <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
       <version>${springVersion}</version>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
       <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
       <version>${springVersion}</version>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
       <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
       <version>${springVersion}</version>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
       <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
       <version>${springVersion}</version>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
       <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
       <version>${springVersion}</version>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
       <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
       <version>${springVersion}</version>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.annotation</groupId>  <!-- in conjunction with javax.annotation.Resource -->
      <artifactId>jsr250-api</artifactId>  <!-- for using @Resource for explicit bean injecting -->
      <version>1.0</version>
    </dependency>    
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
       <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
       <version>${springVersion}</version>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
       <artifactId>spring-instrument</artifactId>
       <version>${springVersion}</version>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
       <artifactId>spring-instrument-tomcat</artifactId>
       <version>${springVersion}</version>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>com.atomikos</groupId>
       <artifactId>transactions</artifactId>
       <version>3.6.4</version>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>com.atomikos</groupId>
       <artifactId>transactions-api</artifactId>
       <version>3.6.4</version>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>com.atomikos</groupId>
       <artifactId>transactions-jta</artifactId>
       <version>3.6.4</version>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>com.atomikos</groupId>
       <artifactId>transactions-jms</artifactId>
       <version>3.6.4</version>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>com.atomikos</groupId>
       <artifactId>transactions-hibernate3</artifactId>
       <version>3.6.4</version>
       <exclusions>
         <exclusion>
           <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
           <artifactId>hibernate</artifactId>
         </exclusion>
       </exclusions>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>com.atomikos</groupId>
       <artifactId>atomikos-util</artifactId>
       <version>3.6.4</version>
     </dependency>

    <!-- Hibernate -->
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
       <artifactId>hibernate-annotations</artifactId>
       <version>3.5.6-Final</version>
       <exclusions>
         <exclusion>
           <groupId>javax.transaction</groupId>
           <artifactId>jta</artifactId>
         </exclusion>
       </exclusions>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
       <artifactId>hibernate-commons-annotations</artifactId>
       <version>3.2.0.Final</version>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
       <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
       <version>4.1.0.Final</version>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
       <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
       <version>3.5.6-Final</version>
     </dependency>

     <!-- databases -->
     <dependency>
       <groupId>c3p0</groupId>
       <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
       <version>0.9.1.2</version>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>hsqldb</groupId>
       <artifactId>hsqldb</artifactId>
       <version>1.8.0.10</version>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>mysql</groupId>
       <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
       <version>5.1.6</version>
     </dependency>

    <!-- Additional Dependencies -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.freemarker</groupId>
      <artifactId>freemarker</artifactId>
      <version>[2.3.16,2.4)</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- Commons -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
      <version>1.4</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>commons-codec</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>
      <version>1.5</version>
    </dependency>
<!--<dependency>
      <groupId>commons-httpclient</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-httpclient</artifactId>
      <version>3.1</version>
    </dependency>  -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>commons-lang</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-lang</artifactId>
      <version>2.4</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
       <groupId>commons-collections</groupId>
       <artifactId>commons-collections</artifactId>
       <version>3.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
      <version>1.1.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-logging-api</artifactId>
      <version>1.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>commons-configuration</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-configuration</artifactId>
      <version>1.5</version>
    </dependency>
    
    <!-- Logging and testing -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.8</version>      <!--  only v4.4 works with Spring 2.5.6, use 4.8 with Spring 3.0.5.RELEASE -->
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>log4j</groupId>
      <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
      <version>1.2.12</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
      <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
      <version>1.5.8</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
      <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
      <version>1.5.8</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.easymock</groupId>
      <artifactId>easymockclassextension</artifactId>
      <version>2.3</version>
      <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
          <groupId>cglib</groupId>
          <artifactId>cglib-nodep</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
      </exclusions>
    </dependency>    

    <!-- other dependencies -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
      <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
      <version>2.2</version>
    </dependency>
    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
      <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
      <version>1.5</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>
  .....
</project>

ApplicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
   xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
   xmlns:lang="http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang"
   xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
   xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
   xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd
                       http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
                       http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.1.xsd
                       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
                       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd
                       http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang
                       http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/spring-lang-3.1.xsd
                       http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
                       http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.1.xsd
                       http://www.springframework.org/schema/util
                       http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.1.xsd"
           default-autowire="byName">

  <!--  Activates various annotations to be detected in bean classes -->
  <context:annotation-config />
    
  <!-- Scan packages for components, services, repositories etc -->
  <context:component-scan base-package="tule"/>
  
  <!-- adds support for @Transactional annotation -->
  <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor"/>
  
  <!-- adds support for exception translation -->
  <bean class="org.springframework.dao.annotation.PersistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor"/>

  <bean id="jpaHibernateDialect" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect" />
 
  <bean id="jpaHibernateVendorAdapter" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">
    <property name="database"         value="MYSQL" />
    <property name="databasePlatform" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLInnoDBDialect" />
    <property name="generateDdl"      value="false" />
    <property name="showSql"          value="false" />
  </bean>

  <bean id="emf2" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
    <property name="jpaDialect"             ref="jpaHibernateDialect" />
    <property name="jpaVendorAdapter"       ref="jpaHibernateVendorAdapter" />
    <property name="persistenceXmlLocation" value="persistence.xml" />
    <property name="persistenceUnitName"    value="pu2" />
    <property name="loadTimeWeaver">
      <bean class="org.springframework.instrument.classloading.InstrumentationLoadTimeWeaver"/>
    </property>
  </bean>
  
  <!--  standalone apps or webapps running inside Tomcat need an external transaction manager to use JTA -->
  <!--    I chose to use atomikos  as jotm is not supported in Spring 3.x -->
  <bean id="atomikosUsrTx"  class="com.atomikos.icatch.jta.UserTransactionImp" />
  <bean id="atomikosTxMgr"  class="com.atomikos.icatch.jta.UserTransactionManager" init-method="init" destroy-method="close" />
  
  <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.transaction.jta.JtaTransactionManager">
    <property name="userTransaction"                ref="atomikosUsrTx" />
    <property name="transactionManager"             ref="atomikosTxMgr" />
    <property name="transactionSynchronizationName" value="SYNCHRONIZATION_ON_ACTUAL_TRANSACTION" />
  </bean>

  <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" proxy-target-class="true"/>
  <tx:jta-transaction-manager />

  <bean id="stateDAO"                    class="tule.dao.hibernate.StateDAOHibernate" />

</beans>

persistence.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence
                      http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_0.xsd"
             version="2.0">

  <persistence-unit name="pu2" transaction-type="JTA">
    <provider>org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence</provider>
    <class>tule.model.State</class>
    <properties>
      <property name="hibernate.dialect"                      value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLInnoDBDialect" />
      <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto"                 value="update" />
      <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class"      value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
      <property name="hibernate.connection.url"               value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/tule" />
      <property name="hibernate.connection.username"          value="root" />
      <property name="hibernate.connection.password"          value="" />
      <property name="hibernate.connection.release_mode"      value="auto" />
      <property name="hibernate.cache.provider_class"         value="org.hibernate.cache.NoCacheProvider" />
      <property name="hibernate.c3p0.min_size"                value="5" />
      <property name="hibernate.c3p0.max_size"                value="20" />
      <property name="hibernate.c3p0.timeout"                 value="600" />
      <property name="hibernate.c3p0.max_statements"          value="50" />
      <property name="hibernate.show_sql"                     value="false" />
      <property name="hibernate.format_sql"                   value="true" />
      <property name="hibernate.transaction.factory_class"        value="com.atomikos.icatch.jta.hibernate3.AtomikosJTATransactionFactory" />
      <property name="hibernate.transaction.manager_lookup_class" value="com.atomikos.icatch.jta.hibernate3.TransactionManagerLookup" />
    </properties>
  </persistence-unit>
</persistence>

and my simple app
TestQueries

package tule.model;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.util.*;

import org.apache.log4j.*;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.SessionFactoryUtils;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.SessionHolder;
import org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionSynchronizationManager;

import utils.*;

import tule.dao.*;
import tule.dao.hibernate.*;
import tule.model.*;

public class TestQueries
{
    StateDAO     stateDAO;

    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        System.out.println("starting");

        TestQueries theApp;
        System.out.println("at A");

        theApp = new TestQueries();
        System.out.println("at B");
        
        ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("ApplicationContext.xml"); // chokes on this line
        System.out.println("at C");  // never gets here

        theApp.stateDAO     = (StateDAO)     ctx.getBean("stateDAO");
        System.out.println("at D");

        List<State> states = theApp.stateDAO.getAll();
        for( State st : states ) {
            System.out.println( st.toString());
        }
        
        System.out.println("finished");
    }
}

Problem is when I execute TestQueries I never get to point C -

Exception in thread "main" org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'transactionManager': Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalStateException: No JTA UserTransaction available - specify either 'userTransaction' or 'userTransactionName' or 'transactionManager' or 'transactionManagerName'
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1455)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:519)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:456)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:294)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:225)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:291)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:193)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:585)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:913)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:464)
    at org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.<init>(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java:139)
    at org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.<init>(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java:83)
    at tule.model.TestQueries.main(TestQueries.java:79)
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: No JTA UserTransaction available - specify either 'userTransaction' or 'userTransactionName' or 'transactionManager' or 'transactionManagerName'
    at org.springframework.transaction.jta.JtaTransactionManager.checkUserTransactionAndTransactionManager(JtaTransactionManager.java:474)
    at org.springframework.transaction.jta.JtaTransactionManager.afterPropertiesSet(JtaTransactionManager.java:414)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1514)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1452)
    ... 12 more

I can't figure out why I'm getting these errmsgs, my beans for transactionManager and its properties look ok.
the pom excludes a few transitive dependencies that cause conflicts.

Can anyone spot what's wrong/missing/extraneous? It must be something fiendishly subtle.

TIA,


Still-learning Steve