I can highly recommend the 10Gen course M101 MongoDB for programmers. There are two versions - one for Python and one for
Java. I did the Python version which was excellent, but you don't need a lot of Python (or Java) as a lot of the work is based on the Mongo shell, which uses a Javascript API to talk to the database. You learn a lot during the course, including things like data modelling, indexing strategies, use of sharding and replication, regular CRUD operations, the aggregation framework and more, while building a simple blog application.
As for books, I didn't find the Little MongoDB Book very useful as it's quite out of date. But there are lots of online tutorials around, and the MongoDB Applied
Patterns book is very handy too.