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3 beginners questions

 
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I'm retired, the project I have in mind is for fun and I doubt anyone else will ever use it.

Some 20 years ago I was involved in a project that used a database, and learned both how hard it is and how important it is to define your, um, framework? correctly.  By that I mean the various tables and how they interact.  The 2 things I remember that you shouldn't store a datum in more than 1 table, and we ended up with 2-3 "invisible" tables that the user never saw but were needed to ensure each datum ended up in a single table.  My app will have 5-7 tables.

Where is a good place to learn how to design this?  And what is it called?

Second, my application (it's for a game) has 5 players, each playing 3 positions.  You do not know which player is playing which positions.  Each position has a name.  Say we have a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, ....  I'm playing a, b, and c.  Fred could be playing d, g, and n.  But I don't know that, I have to deduce it.  How would you suggest I store this in a database?

Finally, this will run on a laptop.  Which database system should I use (donning asbestos underpants)?

Oh yeah, I'll be writing this in either Java or Kotlin.
 
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Jim Venolia wrote:. . . Where is a good place to learn how to design this?

Any good undergraduates' database course or databases book.

And what is it called?

A schema. Or normalisation. I think.
 
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With respect to your question about which database to use,  my favourite choice when I want to play with some technology is MySQL. It's also one of the most widely used in tutorials all over the web.
 
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Database normalization
 
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Where is a good place to learn how to design this?

Easy Learning MySQL SQL  Easy Learning JDBC + MySQL

 
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